User's guide for the Nimbus 7 ERB Solar Analysis Tape (ESAT)

Five years of Nimbus 7 ERB solar data is available in compact form on a single ERB solar analysis tape (ESAT). The period covered is November 16, 1978 through October 31, 1983. The Nimbus 7 satellite performs just under 14 orbits a day and the ERB solar telescope observe the Sun once per orbit as the satellite passes + or - near the south pole. The data were carefully calibrated and screened. Mean orbital and daily values are given for the total solar irradiance plus selected spectral intervals. In addition, selected solar activity indicators are on the tape. The ERB experiment, the solar data calibration and screening procedures, the solar activity indicators, and the tape format are described briefly

Account of the Journey of Hieronimo di Santo Stefano, a Genovese (1495-1496) edited by R. H. Major, re-edited and introduced by Michael W. Charney

This translation of Hieronimo di Santo Stefano’s journey to Pegu in 1495-1496 was originally published in India in the Fifteenth Century Being a Collection of Narratives of Voyages to India, edited by R. H. Major, in 1857. The account was written in the form of a letter to Messer Giovan Jacobo Mainer. Only those portions related to Burma have been included in the version below

Induction of myeloid leukaemia by whole-body single exposure of CBA male mice to x-rays.

A curvilinear dose response of myeloid leukaemia induction in the CBA male mouse was obtained after single whole-body X-irradiation at about 3 months of age. This strain has a very low spontaneous incidence of the disease and no cases were found in the unirradiated controls. The incidence was independent of dose rate over the range used (4.2-552 rad/min). Diagnosis required histopathological examination of various body tissues, the gross anatomical changes being easily confused with other haemopoietic disorders, but a few cases were recognized in life from blood samples. Curve-fitting to various models based on theories of radiocarcinogenic mechanism is described

Marine heatwaves and oxygen extremes in the Mediterranean Sea under climate change

Significant physical and biogeochemical alterations to the ocean have occurred in the recent past as a result of anthropogenic climate change, including warming and deoxygenation. A consequence of rising temperatures is the increasing frequency, intensity and duration of marine heatwaves (MHWs), which are defined as discrete and prolonged periods of anomalously warm temperatures (Hobday et al., 2016). Biogeochemical responses to MHWs remain unclear and there is a growing concern regarding extremes in marine biogeochemistry. Further, global dissolved oxygen concentrations [O2] have declined over the last 50 years. I use a high resolution 3-D physical-biogeochemical modelled dataset for the Mediterranean Sea (MS) from 1982-2100 to explore extremes in temperature and deoxygenation. The MS is a climate change hotspot and has experienced many MHWs as well as localised periods of hypoxia.MHW events in the Mediterranean Sea are one-in-a-hundred-day events in historical simulation and become one-in-six-day events by the end of the century under RCP4.5. By applying MHW definitions to [O2] model output, my work defines low-end extreme [O2] events, termed major oxygen lows (MOLs). I find evidence of MOLs in the historical simulation that develop into annual events between 80-200 metres depth with mean event duration and intensity increasing by a factor of 3 under the same moderate scenario. This is driven by a reduction in mean [O2] whereby the historical extreme threshold becomes the new normal in large portions of the basin. Furthermore, I find that increased MHW intensity enhances subsurface deoxygenation (<1 µmol l-1). Mediterranean regions that experience more intense MHWs also demonstrate stronger deoxygenation signals implying that a similar relationship could be found in other climatically sensitive areas of the ocean

NASA's Global Change Master Directory: fostering collaborations for Earth science information and data retrieval

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The balanced scorecard in a pharmaceutical company: a case study

The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) approach to performance measurement is gaining, over the last decades, an increased popularity due its strategic use of key non-financial measures along with the more traditional financial metrics. This paper outlines the process of development, implementation, usage and later on abandon, of the BSC in a Portuguese subsidiary of a leading international pharmaceutical company. In order to support our findings we review in the existing literature on the BSC concept and highline the characteristics of this concept analyzing the reasons of its popularity. In addition this paper postulates the likely impact of such a performance measurement system on the organizational behaviour and provides a framework on how the BSC implementation can effectively help an organization in clarifying its mission and strategy into new goals. Finally, this paper outlines the organizational challenges and potential pitfalls associated to the BSC implementation

The Bloody Crucible of Courage: Fighting Methods and Combat Experience of the Civil War

Tactical Treatise Author challenges views of combat Was the American Civil War a Napoleonic war fought poorly by untrained citizen armies, as Paddy Griffith claims in Battle Tactics of the Civil War (1989)? Or was it a modern war that fit within the context of late- ninet...